Documents in Year 1914                     

Links of Interest:

• William Woodrow Wilson, Twenty-eighth U.S. President

(1913-1921)

• Statehood

48 Continental United States of America, see 1959 for next addition

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• Education: Measurement Movement
  Psychologists involved in the Measurement Movement "developed an instrument based on the intelligence scale that allowed comparison of individual intelligence to a norm"...
  Lewis M. Terman of Stanford University revised the Binet-Simon scale and developed the Intelligence quotient (IQ), "a number indicating the level of an individual's mental development... World War I was a major factor in the growth of the measurement movement. The military needed a massive mobilization of manpower. It also needed a way to determine which men were suited for service and for what type of service. Out of this need, a number of group intelligence tests were developed and ultimately administered to hundreds of thousands of recruits. One unexpected result of this massive testing was the discovery of a large number of young men with educational (as well as physical) deficiencies: approximately one-quarter of all recruits were judged illiterate. Deficiencies were particularly high among rural youth... Within a decade of the end of the war, the measurement movement had become a permanent part of American education."
  
  Source: Foundations of American Education, Sixth Edition page 161 / L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha. Published by Pearson Education. 2010 see 1916 for next event...

• Military:

  World War I Starts

June 28, 1914 - Serbian fanatic, Gavrilo Princip, assassinates Archduke Franz-Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo sparking the Great War, later known as World War I due to country alliances.

Allies:   Serbia, Russia, France, Britain

Central Powers: Austria, Germany

• National Parks - John Muir

John Muir (1838-1914) was America's most famous and influential naturalist and conservationist. He is one of California's most important historical personalities. He has been called "The Father of our National Parks," "Wilderness Prophet," and "Citizen of the Universe." As early as 1876, he urged the federal government to adopt a forest conservation policy through articles published in popular periodicals. In 1892 he founded the Sierra Club. In 1901, Muir published Our National Parks, the book that brought him to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt. In 1903, Roosevelt visited Muir in Yosemite. There, together, beneath the trees, they laid the foundation of Roosevelt's innovative and notable conservation programs.

• Photography:

  Edward S. Curtis

(American Photographer of Native Americans 1899-1929)

• Science:
  Vitamin A is isolated.
  Anderson, Jean American Century Cookbook. p 79

• Technology:

Model T's selling fast!

Due to assembly line process reducing production cost, sales price drops from $825 in 1908 to $575 each in 1912 and sales soar! Ford becomes the world's biggest car manufacturer and claims 48% of the automobile market.

First Scheduled Airline - St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line

Plan for the first scheduled airline conceived by Percival Elliot Fansler who corresponded with Tom Benoist, manufacturer of Benoist airplanes and coordinated with the city of St. Petersburg and found financial investors.  Room for one paying passenger.  Flights started January 1, 1914 and ran through May 5, 1914.

Gas Welding

World War I brought a tremendous demand for armament production and welding was pressed into service as a reliable, cost effective metal joining process for building ships, etc.

Panama Canal

opens to shipping on August 15, 1914.